Article 1(The Legislative Purpose)
This Act is enacted to protect trade secrets, maintain industrial ethics and order in competition, and
balance societal and public interests. Matters not provided for in this Act shall be governed by other
laws.
Article 2(The Definition of Trade Secret)
The term " trade secret " as used in this Act shall mean any method, technique, process, formula,
program, design, or other information that may be used in the course of production, sales, or
operations, and also meet the following requirements:
1.It is not known to persons generally involved in the information of this type;
2.It has economic value, actual or potential, due to its secretive nature; and
3.Its owner has taken reasonable measures to maintain its secrecy.
Article 3(The Ownership of a Trade Secret from Employment)
If a trade secret is the result of research or development by an employee during the performance of
employment, the trade secret shall belong to the employer unless otherwise provided for in a
contract, and in which case the contract shall prevail.
If a trade secret is the result of research or development by an employee other than during the
performance of employment, the trade secret shall belong to the employee. However, if the trade
secret is the result of utilizing the employer's resources or experience, the employer may make use
of such a trade secret in the employer's business after paying a reasonable compensation to the
employee.
Article 4(The Ownership of a Trade Secret from a Funded Contract)
Where one provides funding and contracts another to conduct research or development that resulted
in a trade secret, the ownership of the trade secret shall be determined by the terms of the contract.
If the ownership is not specified in the contract, the trade secret shall belong to the contracted party;
however, the contracting party shall be entitled to make use of such trade secret within the
contracting party's business.
Article 5(The Ownership of a Jointly-Developed Trade Secret)
Where a trade secret is the result of joint research or development by two or more parties, the
respective shares in the ownership of the trade secret shall be determined by contract. In the absence
of a contract, an equal share of the ownership shall be presumed.
Article 6(The Assignment of a Trade Secret)
A trade secret may be assigned in whole or in part, or jointly owned.
Any use or disposition of a jointly-owned trade secret shall be unanimously approved by all co-owners in the absence of a contractual provision. However, no co-owner shall refuse consent
without proper justification.
No co-owner may assign its share of the ownership without the consent of the remaining
co-owners , unless otherwise provided for in a contract, and in which case the contract shall prevail.
Article 7(The Licensing of a Trade Secret)
An owner of a trade secret may grant a license to another for the use of the trade secret. The
territory, term, contents, methods of use or other matters in connection with the license shall be
determined by the contract between the parties.
The licensee as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not sub-license the licensed trade secret
without the consent of the trade secret owner.
No co-owner shall grant a license to another for the use of the jointly-owned trade secret without the
unanimous consent of the remaining co-owners. However, no co-owner shall refuse consent without proper justification.
Article 8(The Unavailability of a Trade Secret's Being Pledged and Compulsorily Enforced)
A trade secret shall not be used as the subject matter of a pledge or compulsory execution.
Article 9(The Government Officials' Confidentiality Duty)
No government employee shall use or disclose without due cause any trade secrets of others known
or obtained through the performance of his official duties.
No parties, representatives of the parties, advocates, expert witnesses, witnesses, and other parties
related to the case shall use or disclose without due cause any trade secrets of others, known or
obtained by virtue of a judicial investigation or proceeding.
The provision of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to arbitrators and other
relevant parties involved in arbitration matters.
Article 10(The Infringement of a Trade Secret)
Any of the following acts shall be deemed as a misappropriation of a trade secret:
1. To acquire a trade secret by improper means;
2. To acquire, use, or disclose a trade secret as defined in the preceding item knowingly or
unknowingly due to gross negligence;
3. To use or disclose an acquired trade secret knowing, or not knowing due to gross negligence,
that it is a trade secret as defined in item one;
4. To use or disclose by improper means a legally acquired trade secret; or
5. To use or to disclose without due cause a trade secret to which the law imposes a duty to
maintain secrecy
The term "improper means " as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall mean theft,
fraud ,coercion, bribery, unauthorized reproduction ,breach of an obligation to maintain
secrecy ,inducement of others to breach an obligation to maintain secrecy, or any other similar
means.
Article 11(Civil Remedies)
If a trade secret is misappropriated, the injured party may request for the removal of such
misappropriation. If there is a likelihood of misappropriation ,a prevention may be requested .
When requesting for a remedy available under the preceding paragraph, the injured party may
request for the destruction or other necessary dispositions of products generated from the
misappropriation or items used exclusively in the misappropriation.
Article 12(Civil Liability and Statutory Limitation)
One who intentionally or negligently misappropriates another's trade secret shall be liable for
damages. If two or more parties jointly misappropriate, such parties shall be jointly and severally
liable.
The right to claim for damages as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be extinguished if the
right is not exercised within two (2)years from the date when the owner of the right has knowledge
of both the act of misappropriation and the identity of the party liable for the damages ,or within ten
(10) years from the act of misappropriation.
Article 13(The Methods of Calculating Damages)
An injured party may choose any of the following provisions to request for damages in accordance with the preceding Article:
1.To make a claim based upon Article 216 of the Civil Code. However, if the injured party is
unable to prove the amount of damages, the party may take as damages the amount of profits
normally expected from the use of the trade secret minus the amount of profits earned after the
misappropriation; or
2.To request for the profits earned through the act of misappropriation from the one who
misappropriated. However, if the one who misappropriated is unable to prove the costs or the
necessary expenses, the total income gained from the act(s) of misappropriation shall be deemed the
profits .
Based on the provisions set forth in the preceding paragraph, if an act of misappropriation is
found to be intentional, the court may, at the request of the injured party and by taking into
consideration the circumstances of the misappropriation, award an amount greater than the actual
damages, provided that the amount shall not exceed three times the amount of the proven damages.
Article 13-1(Criminal Liabilities)
Any person committing an act falling under any of the following circumstancesfor the purpose of an
illicitgain for himself/herself or for a third person, or inflicting a loss onthe holder of a trade secret
shall be sentenced to a maximum of 5 years imprisonment or short-term imprisonment, in addition
thereto, a fine between NT$1 million and NT$10 million may be imposed:
1. Acquiring a trade secret by an act of theft, embezzlement, fraud, threat, unauthorized
reproduction, or other wrongful means, or using or disclosing a trade secret so acquired.
2. Committing an unauthorized reproduction, usage, or disclosure of a trade secret known or
possessed.
3. Failing to delete or destroy a possessed trade secret as the trade secret holder orders, or disguising
it.
4. Any person knowingly acquires, uses or discloses a trade secret known or possessed by others is
under circumstances prescribed in the preceding 3 subparagraphs.
An attempt to commit a crime specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
In case a fine is to be imposed, if the gain obtained by the offender exceeds the maximum fine, such
fine may be increased within the extent of 3 times of the gain.
Article 13-2(Using Trade Secret in Foreign Jurisdictions)
Any person committing a crime prescribed in the first paragraph of the preceding article for the
purpose of using the trade secretin foreign jurisdictions, mainland China, Hong Kong, or Macau
shall be sentenced to imprisonment between 1 year and 10 years, in addition thereto, a fine between
NT$3 million and NT$50 million may be imposed.
An attempt to commit a crime specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
In case a fine is to be imposed, if the gain obtained by the offender exceeds the maximum fine, such
fine may be increased within the extent of 2 to 10 times of the gain.
Article 13-3(Prosecution)
Prosecution for a crime specified in Article 13-1maybe instituted only upon a complaint.
The filing or withdrawal of a complaint against one of several co-offenders shall not be considered
to be a filing or withdrawal ofacomplaint against the others.
In case a civil servant or a former civil servant who knows or possesses others’ trade secrets within
the scope of his/her authority or employment and intentionally commits a crime prescribed in the
preceding 2 articles shall be sentenced to the punishment prescribed for such an offense by
increasing it up to one half.
Article 13-4(Criminal Liablities to Juristic Persons)
Where the representative of a juristic person, the agent,employee or any other staff of a juristic
person or natural person commits any of the crimes prescribed in Article 13-1 or 13-2 in the course
of business, not only the actor,but the juristic person or the natural person shall be punished with the
fine prescribed in the Article. However, if the representative of a juristic person or natural person
has done his/her utmost to prevent a crime from being committed, the juristic person or natural
person shall not be punished.
Article 14(The Secrecy Maintenance of Trial on a Trade Secret)
To try trade secrets suits, the court may establish a special tribunal or appoint a designated person(s)
to administer the case.
If assertions or defenses advanced by parties to a litigation relate to trade secrets, and at the request
of the parties, the court may, as it deems appropriate, close the trial to the public and/or restrict
access to the files of the litigation related information.
Article 15(The Reciprocity Principle)
A foreign national's trade secret(s) will not receive protection in the R.O.C., if the foreign national's
home country has not signed a bilateral trade secrets protection treaty or agreement with the R.O.C.,
or does not provide protection to trade secrets owned by R.O.C. nationals according to the laws and
regulations of the foreign national's home country.
Article 16(Effective Date)
This Act shall come into force from the date of promulgation.